Voiced dental and alveolar plosives

 ( Alveolar Consonants ) 

The voiced alveolar, dental and postalveolar plosives (or stops) are types of sounds used in many spoken . The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental consonant, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is (although the symbol can be used to distinguish the dental plosive, and the postalveolar), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is d.

There are only a few languages that distinguish dental and alveolar stops, among them Kota, Toda language, Venda language and some Irish language dialects.

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Features Features of the voiced alveolar stop:

• There are three specific variants of :
• Dental consonant, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical consonant and laminal.
• Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
• Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.

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Varieties

	plain d
	Dental consonant d
	postalveolar d
	Breathy voice d
	palatalized d
	labialisation d
	d with no audible release
	voicelessness d
	Tenseness d

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Occurrence

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Dental

See Egyptian Arabic phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar.
Laminal denti-alveolar.
Laminal denti-alveolar.
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Belarusian phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. See Bengali phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Catalan phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts with alveolar .
Laminal denti-alveolar.
Laminal denti-alveolar.
See English phonology
	Southern Hiberno-English
	Word-initial allophone of ; may be realized as instead.
	Indian
	Allophone of before , in free variation with an alveolar stop.
See Esperanto phonology.
Laminal denti-alveolar. See French phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Georgian phonology
Hindustani	Hindi	दूध / dūdh		'milk'	Laminal denti-alveolar. Hindustani contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.	Contrasts with aspirated form <ध>.	See Hindi-Urdu phonology
	Urdu	rtl=yes / rtl=yes				Contrasts with aspirated form <دھ>.
Hungarian		a dó		'tax'	See Hungarian phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Irish phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Italian phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Japanese phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar.
Laminal denti-alveolar.
Laminal denti-alveolar.
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Latvian phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. Marathi contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. See Marathi phonology
Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nepali phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Laminal denti-alveolar.
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Polish phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. May palatalize or Lenition in certain environments, depending on dialect. See Portuguese phonology
Punjabi language	Laminal denti-alveolar.
				Shahmukhi	دال/dāl
Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with a palatalized alveolar variant. See Russian phonology
Allophone of after nasals. See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Sinhala language		Sinhala script]]		'day'
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Slovene phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Spanish phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. Aspirated form articulated as breathy consonant.
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Turkish phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Ukrainian phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar.
Wu Chinese		italic=no/da		'the Tang dynasty'
Laminal denti-alveolar.

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Alveolar

Predominant in the Urmia, Jilu, Baz, Gawar and Nochiya tribe dialects. Corresponds to in other varieties.
True alveolar in eastern dialects, apical post-alveolar in western dialects. Usually transcribed in IPA as . See Bengali phonology.
Laminal alveolar. See Catalan phonology
See Czech phonology
See Dutch phonology
See English phonology
See Finnish phonology
See Modern Greek phonology
See Modern Hebrew phonology
In Green Hmong, it'll be / dlej
Allophone of d̪ before r or ɾ. See Hungarian phonology
See Korean phonology
Kurdish	Kurmanji	Kurdish alphabet]]		'tooth'	See Kurdish phonology
	Sorani	Kurdish alphabet]]/ dadân
	Southern Kurdish	Kurdish alphabet]]/dîân
More often voiceless . See Luxembourgish phonology
Malay language	See Malay phonology
		Indonesian
	Kelantan-Pattani	dahɛː	See Kelantan-Pattani Malay
See Tagalog phonology
Welsh language		diafol	djavɔl	'devil'	See Welsh phonology

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Variable

Laminal denti-alveolar or alveolar, depending on the dialect. See Arabic phonology.
Laminal denti-alveolar for some speakers, alveolar for other speakers.
Varies between laminal denti-alveolar, laminal alveolar and apical alveolar. See Standard German phonology
Partially voiced or fully voiceless . Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar. See Norwegian phonology
Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and apical alveolar. See Persian phonology
Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar. See Slovak phonology
Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and alveolar, with the former being predominant. May be an approximant in casual speech. See Swedish phonology

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See also

• Index of phonetics articles

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Notes

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External links

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